Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-48

The Galapagos Islands, a volcanic archipelago straddling the equator in the Pacific Ocean, stand as a testament to the power of natural forces and the intricate dance of life. (18) __________ these islands captivated the young Charles Darwin in 1835 and fueled his revolutionary theory of evolution by natural selection. Isolated for millennia, the Galapagos harbor a unique collection of flora and fauna, with many species found nowhere else on Earth. Giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and blue-footed boobies are just a few of the inhabitants that showcase the remarkable adaptations (19) __________ in this challenging environment.

Darwin's keen observations of Galapagos finches, with their diverse beak shapes and sizes perfectly suited to their specific diets, provided crucial evidence for his groundbreaking ideas. He noticed that finches on islands with larger, harder seeds had evolved stronger beaks for cracking them open, while those on islands with more insects as a food source possessed thinner, more delicate beaks. This concept of adaptation, (20) __________ forms the cornerstone of evolutionary biology.

(21) __________. However, this fragile ecosystem faces increasing threats from human activities such as tourism, overfishing, and the introduction of invasive species. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect the islands' biodiversity and preserve this natural wonder for future generations.

(22) __________. It serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of life on Earth and the importance of safeguarding our planet's biodiversity.

Child labor, a persistent problem throughout history, remains a harsh reality for millions of children worldwide. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that 160 million children were engaged in child labor in 2020, with more than half of them in hazardous work that directly endangers their health, safety, and moral development. These children are often deprived of education, proper nutrition, and the opportunity to experience a carefree childhood.

The root causes of child labor are complex and intertwined. Poverty is a significant driving force, as families struggling to survive may rely on the income generated by their children. Lack of access to quality education also plays a role, as children who are not in school are more likely to be pushed into work. This perpetuates a vicious cycle, where poverty and lack of education feed into child labor, which in turn hinders economic development and perpetuates poverty.

The agricultural sector accounts for the largest share of child labor, with children often working long hours in harsh conditions, exposed to pesticides and dangerous tools. Other sectors where child labor is prevalent include mining, construction, and domestic work. Children in these sectors face numerous risks, including physical injuries, respiratory problems, and psychological trauma.

Despite the challenges, there is hope for a future free from child labor. Raising awareness about the issue and its devastating consequences is crucial to mobilizing action. Governments, international organizations, businesses, and individuals all have a role to play in creating a world where every child has the opportunity to learn, play, and reach their full potential.

[I] Sports transcend mere games and competitions; they deeply permeate societies worldwide, shaping cultural values and influencing daily life. [II] Fans rally around their favorite teams, celebrating victories and commiserating over defeats, creating a collective experience that strengthens social bonds. [III] From local little leagues to international tournaments, sports offer a common ground for interaction and conversation, bridging divides and building connections across different social groups. [IV]

This shared passion for sports often translates into powerful economic impacts. Professional sports leagues generate billions of dollars in revenue annually through ticket sales, merchandise, and media rights. These revenues support a vast network of jobs, from athletes and coaches to stadium staff and media personnel. This economic activity ripples outwards, benefiting local businesses and contributing to the overall economic health of communities. Furthermore, the hosting of major sporting events, such as the Olympics or the World Cup, can provide significant boosts to tourism and infrastructure development.

The influence of sports extends beyond the economic realm, profoundly shaping cultural norms and values. Athletes often serve as role models, embodying traits like discipline, perseverance, and teamwork. Their achievements inspire younger generations to pursue their own athletic goals, promoting physical activity and health-conscious lifestyles. Sports also play a role in shaping national identity, with national teams serving as symbols of pride and patriotism. Victories on the global stage can instill a sense of national unity and boost morale, while defeats can prompt reflection and calls for improvement.

However, the cultural impact of sports is not without its complexities. Issues such as commercialization, doping scandals, and the pressure to win can sometimes overshadow the positive aspects of sport. It's crucial to critically examine these challenges and strive for a balanced approach, ensuring that the pursuit of athletic excellence remains grounded in ethical principles and promotes the positive values that make sports such a powerful force in society.