Đề Tiếng Anh ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2025- Mã đề thi THPT-33

(18) __________, a period marked by intellectual curiosity and a revival of classical art and learning. While most remember him for his iconic paintings like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, da Vinci's talents extended far beyond the canvas. (19) __________, he immersed himself in diverse fields such as engineering, anatomy, astronomy, and botany.

Da Vinci's notebooks, (20) __________, offer a glimpse into his brilliant mind. Anatomical drawings based on dissections he conducted himself demonstrate his deep fascination with the human body. He conceived of inventions centuries ahead of his time, including flying machines, submarines, and even tanks. Though few of these designs were realized during his lifetime, they showcase an extraordinary capacity for innovative thought and problem-solving.

His artistic achievements remain equally impressive. The Mona Lisa, perhaps the most famous portrait in the world, captivates viewers with its enigmatic smile and masterful use of sfumato, (21) __________. His fresco of The Last Supper, though deteriorated over time, remains a powerful masterpiece, admired for its dramatic composition and emotional depth.

(22) __________. He serves as a timeless reminder that human potential knows no bounds and that curiosity and a passion for knowledge can lead to extraordinary achievements.

The field of biotechnology is dynamic, constantly evolving with new discoveries and inventions. Recent advancements have revolutionized various sectors, including medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. From gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, which allows scientists to modify DNA with unprecedented precision, to synthetic biology, where entirely new biological systems are designed and engineered, the potential applications of biotechnology seem limitless.

One groundbreaking development is the use of mRNA technology in vaccines. Scientists have long recognized the potential of mRNA, which carries genetic instructions to our cells, to trigger the production of specific proteins. This process, harnessed in vaccines against diseases like COVID-19, allows the body to build immunity without ever being exposed to the actual virus. This breakthrough has paved the way for the rapid development of vaccines against other infectious diseases and even holds promise for personalized cancer treatments.

Beyond medicine, biotechnology is transforming agriculture with the development of genetically modified (GM) crops. These crops are engineered to possess desirable traits, such as resistance to pests, herbicides, or harsh environmental conditions. While controversies surrounding GM crops persist, their potential to enhance crop yields, reduce reliance on pesticides, and improve nutritional content is undeniable.

Furthermore, biotechnology offers innovative solutions for environmental challenges. Bioremediation, for instance, utilizes microorganisms to clean up pollutants and restore contaminated environments. Researchers are also exploring the use of algae for biofuel production, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. As our understanding of biological systems deepens, the applications of biotechnology will continue to expand, promising a future brimming with potential solutions to global challenges.

The internet, a ubiquitous presence in modern life, has undergone a dramatic evolution since its inception. [I] S. Department of Defense project. [II] Designed to connect research institutions, ARPANET employed packet switching, a method of breaking down data into smaller packets for transmission across multiple paths. [III] This innovative approach ensured network resilience, allowing communication to continue even if parts of the network were taken down. ARPANET's initial success paved the way for the development of protocols like TCP/IP, the foundational communication standards of the internet we use today. [IV]

The standardization of TCP/IP in the 1980s marked a turning point. This facilitated interoperability between different networks, leading to the rapid expansion of the internet beyond its academic and military origins. The introduction of the World Wide Web in 1989 further democratized access to information, transforming the internet from a primarily text-based system into a multimedia platform. Tim Berners-Lee's invention of the web, with its user-friendly interface and hyperlinking capabilities, made it possible for anyone with a computer and a modem to navigate and explore the burgeoning digital world. The 1990s witnessed the rise of dial-up internet access, bringing online experiences into homes and businesses around the globe.

The subsequent evolution of the internet, commonly referred to as Web 2.0, saw the rise of interactive and user-generated content. Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter emerged, fostering online communities and enabling real-time communication. E-commerce giants like Amazon revolutionized retail, while platforms like YouTube and Netflix transformed entertainment consumption. This era emphasized collaboration and sharing, blurring the lines between content creators and consumers. The proliferation of mobile devices further accelerated internet adoption, making information and communication accessible virtually anywhere, anytime.

Now, the internet stands at the cusp of another transformative phase: Web 3.0. This nascent iteration promises a more decentralized and semantically intelligent web, powered by technologies like blockchain and artificial intelligence. Web 3.0 envisions a future where users have greater control over their data and online identities, and where online interactions are more personalized and immersive. Concepts like the metaverse and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are gaining traction, pointing towards a future where the internet becomes an even more integrated and integral part of our lives.