Đề Tiếng Anh ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2025- Mã đề thi THPT-22

(18) __________. While it doesn't dictate our feelings, it plays a far more crucial role: (19) __________. This vital fluid carries oxygen and nutrients to every cell, while simultaneously removing waste products. This continuous loop, essential for our very existence, is powered by the rhythmic contractions of this remarkable pump.

On average, a healthy heart beats around 100,000 times per day, propelling approximately 2,000 gallons of blood through a complex network of arteries and veins. This intricate plumbing system, (20) __________, ensures that every single cell in the body receives the resources it needs to function. The heart's tireless efforts are even more impressive when considering its lifespan. From the moment we are nestled in our mother's womb to our twilight years, this muscular organ diligently performs its duty, rarely faltering in its crucial task.

The heart's activity is often described as a two-part cycle: diastole and systole. During diastole, the heart relaxes, allowing its chambers to fill with blood. Systole, on the other hand, involves the contraction of the heart muscle, (21) __________. This carefully orchestrated dance of relaxation and contraction ensures a constant flow of blood, maintaining the delicate balance necessary for life.

(22) __________. Its tireless dedication and remarkable efficiency serve as a potent reminder of the complex and awe-inspiring processes happening within us every second of every day.

The ethics of genetic engineering are complex and multifaceted, encompassing a wide range of moral, social, and philosophical questions. While the ability to alter the genetic makeup of organisms, including humans, holds immense potential for advancements in medicine, agriculture, and other fields, it also raises profound concerns about unintended consequences and the very definition of what it means to be human.

One of the most contentious issues centers around the potential for genetic engineering to exacerbate existing social inequalities. Critics argue that access to genetic enhancements, such as those aimed at increasing intelligence or athletic ability, could become concentrated among the wealthy, further widening the gap between the privileged and the disadvantaged. This, they fear, could lead to a society where individuals are valued not for their inherent worth, but for their genetically engineered traits.

Furthermore, the long-term effects of genetic modifications remain largely unknown. While scientists have made significant strides in understanding the intricacies of the human genome, the potential for unforeseen and potentially harmful mutations cannot be completely ruled out. Altering the genetic makeup of future generations raises ethical dilemmas about consent, as those who are yet to be born are unable to provide their informed agreement to such modifications.

Despite these concerns, the field of genetic engineering also offers tantalizing possibilities for addressing some of humanity's most pressing challenges. Gene editing techniques hold promise for curing genetic diseases, increasing crop yields to feed a growing population, and even combating climate change by engineering organisms that can sequester carbon dioxide more effectively. The ethical debate surrounding genetic engineering is likely to intensify as these technologies continue to advance, demanding careful consideration and thoughtful dialogue from all segments of society.

[I] Maritime exploration, the human endeavor to discover and chart the world's oceans and waterways, has profoundly shaped civilizations and global understanding. [II] Early exploration, driven by trade, set the stage for the interconnected world we inhabit today. [III] These initial forays, though limited by technology, demonstrated humanity's innate curiosity and desire to push beyond known boundaries. [IV]

These early voyages were often focused on coastal navigation. This meant staying within sight of land, allowing sailors to use landmarks for orientation and minimizing the risk of getting lost in the open ocean. However, as shipbuilding and navigational techniques improved, explorers became bolder, venturing further from the safety of the shore. The development of the astrolabe and later the sextant allowed for more precise determination of latitude, enabling sailors to navigate with greater accuracy even out of sight of land. This opened up new possibilities for long-distance voyages and the exploration of uncharted waters.

The Age of Exploration, spanning from the 15th to the 17th centuries, witnessed a dramatic expansion of European maritime activity. Driven by a desire for new trade routes to Asia, the search for precious metals, and religious zeal, European powers, particularly Portugal and Spain, invested heavily in state-of-the-art ships and navigational technology. This era saw iconic voyages like those of Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan, which resulted in the European discovery of the Americas, the establishment of sea routes to India, and the first circumnavigation of the globe. These voyages irrevocably changed the political and economic landscape of the world, leading to colonization, globalization, and the exchange of goods, cultures, and ideas on an unprecedented scale.

While initially driven by economic and political ambitions, maritime exploration also contributed significantly to scientific understanding. Expeditions like those of Captain James Cook in the 18th century, while also serving imperial interests, provided valuable geographical and anthropological data. Cook's meticulous charting of the Pacific Ocean, coupled with scientific observations made by naturalists on board, greatly expanded European knowledge of the natural world. Even today, maritime exploration continues, albeit with a different focus. Modern oceanographic research utilizes advanced technology to study marine ecosystems, map the ocean floor, and understand the impacts of climate change on our oceans. This ongoing exploration underscores the enduring human fascination with the sea and its crucial role in our planet's future.