Đề Tiếng Anh ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2025- Mã đề thi THPT-179

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Vietnam, is a testament to the raw power and artistic beauty of nature. (18) __________ is a network of over 300 caves, each more awe-inspiring than the last. (19) __________, including massive stalactites and stalagmites that shimmer like crystal sculptures under the explorers' lights.

Among the most famous is Son Doong Cave, (20) __________ and holds the record for the largest cave passage in the world. Stepping into Son Doong is like entering a different planet; gigantic chambers could house entire city blocks, with ceilings soaring hundreds of meters high. Lush jungles thrive within collapsed sections of the cave, illuminated by beams of sunlight that pierce through openings above.

But the wonders of Phong Nha-Ke Bang aren't limited to just Son Doong. Paradise Cave, true to its name, offers a breathtaking spectacle of stalactites and stalagmites, (21) __________. Meanwhile, Phong Nha Cave, accessed by boat along a scenic river, reveals intricate rock formations that have inspired countless local legends and folklore.

(22) __________, or drifting along the waters of Phong Nha Cave, visitors to Phong Nha-Ke Bang are treated to an unparalleled subterranean adventure. The park stands as a testament to the Earth's hidden grandeur, reminding us of the awe-inspiring power and artistry of the natural world.

The transatlantic slave trade, spanning over four centuries, stands as one of the most appalling chapters in human history. From the 16th to the 19th century, over 12 million Africans were forcibly removed from their homes and transported across the Atlantic under horrific conditions to labor on plantations in the Americas. This brutal system of exploitation enriched European powers and fueled the growth of their colonies, all at the immeasurable cost of human life and dignity.

The legacy of this dark period extends far beyond the physical act of enslavement. It continues to cast a long shadow over the social, economic, and political landscapes of the Americas and Africa. The descendants of enslaved Africans still grapple with the generational trauma and systemic inequalities rooted in this period. Furthermore, the forced migration of millions created a massive cultural rupture, severing communities and traditions that had thrived for generations.

The impact of the slave trade on Africa was particularly devastating. The continent was drained of its most valuable resource - its people. This loss of human capital crippled economies, fueled internal conflicts, and hindered social progress. While some African kingdoms profited from the trade, the long-term consequences far outweighed any short-term gains. The depopulation and destabilization caused by the slave trade continue to resonate in many parts of the continent today.

Despite the horrors of the past, acknowledging and understanding this history is essential for building a more just and equitable future. By confronting the legacy of the slave trade, we can begin to address the persistent inequalities and promote healing and reconciliation both within and between nations.

Climate change, driven largely by human activities, is a pressing global issue with far-reaching consequences. [I] The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes pump out massive amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, into the atmosphere. [II] This warming trend is evident in rising global temperatures, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and changes in precipitation patterns. [III] The consequences of these changes are already being felt worldwide and are projected to intensify in the coming decades. [IV]

One of the most significant impacts of climate change is rising sea levels. As global temperatures increase, glaciers and ice sheets melt at an accelerated rate, adding vast amounts of water to the oceans. This phenomenon, coupled with the thermal expansion of seawater as it warms, has resulted in a measurable rise in sea levels. Coastal communities are particularly vulnerable to these rising waters, facing increased risks of flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources. Island nations, some of which are only a few meters above sea level, are particularly at risk, facing the potential loss of their entire landmass.

Climate change is also contributing to more frequent and intense extreme weather events. Heatwaves are becoming more common and lasting longer, putting a strain on public-health systems and increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses and deaths. Droughts are becoming more severe and prolonged in some regions, leading to water shortages, crop failures, and displacement of populations. Conversely, other areas are experiencing increased rainfall and flooding, causing damage to infrastructure, loss of life, and the spread of waterborne diseases. The increasing intensity of hurricanes and typhoons, fueled by warmer ocean temperatures, poses a growing threat to coastal communities.

The effects of climate change are not limited to environmental and physical impacts; they also have significant social and economic consequences. Changes in agricultural yields, water availability, and the frequency of natural disasters can exacerbate poverty and inequality, leading to food insecurity, displacement, and conflict. Addressing climate change requires a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to the changes that are already underway, and invest in sustainable development pathways. International cooperation, technological innovation, and individual actions are all crucial in mitigating the risks and building a more resilient future for all.