Đề Tiếng Anh ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2025- Mã đề thi THPT-178

Cheetahs, (18) __________, are truly the speedsters of the African savanna. (19) __________. This remarkable acceleration is made possible by a combination of factors, including their lightweight build, long legs, and flexible spine. In fact, a cheetah's stride can reach an astounding 23 feet, covering vast distances with each bound.

Their speed is not their only asset. Cheetahs are also incredibly agile hunters, relying on their incredible speed and maneuverability to chase down prey. They primarily hunt gazelles, impalas, and other small to medium-sized ungulates. Unlike lions and leopards, (20) __________, cheetahs rely on their incredible speed to exhaust their targets. However, their hunts are not always successful. Competition from larger predators, as well as the risk of injury, means that a cheetah's success rate can be as low as 50%.

(21) __________. Habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and the illegal wildlife trade are all contributing factors to their declining numbers. Cheetahs are now classified as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), with an estimated 7,100 individuals remaining in the wild.

The plight of the cheetah is a reminder of the fragility of our planet's ecosystems and the importance of conservation efforts. Protecting these magnificent creatures and their habitats is crucial not only for their survival but also for the health of the entire savanna ecosystem. By understanding the threats they face and supporting conservation initiatives, (22) __________.

Deforestation, the clearing of forests for other land uses, is a critical global issue with far-reaching consequences. Every year, vast areas of forests, equivalent to the size of Costa Rica, are lost due to human activities like agriculture, logging, and mining. This relentless destruction not only impacts the environment but also has severe social and economic repercussions.

One of the most immediate effects of deforestation is the loss of biodiversity. Forests are incredibly rich ecosystems, housing an estimated 80% of the world's terrestrial biodiversity. When these habitats are destroyed, countless plant and animal species lose their homes, pushing many towards extinction. The disappearance of such a wide array of life forms disrupts natural balances, impacting everything from pollination to water cycles.

Furthermore, deforestation contributes significantly to climate change. Trees play a vital role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as natural carbon sinks. When forests are cut down or burned, this stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere, exacerbating the greenhouse effect. In fact, deforestation is estimated to contribute to roughly 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Addressing deforestation is paramount to mitigating climate change and preserving biodiversity. Promoting sustainable forestry practices, supporting reforestation efforts, and reducing our reliance on products that drive deforestation are crucial steps. By understanding the consequences of deforestation and taking collective action, we can strive to protect these vital ecosystems for present and future generations.

Sleep, a fundamental human need, is far more than just a period of inactivity. [I] While we sleep, our brains are actively engaged in a complex series of processes crucial for physical and cognitive restoration. [II] These processes, which scientists are still actively working to tease apart, involve consolidating memories, clearing out metabolic waste, and regulating hormonal balances. [III] Insufficient sleep, even in small increments, can lead to impaired cognitive function, weakened immunity, and an increased risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. [IV]

One of the most intriguing aspects of sleep is the occurrence of dreams. These often bizarre and emotionally charged narratives unfold during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep, characterized by increased brain activity and rapid eye movements beneath closed lids. While the exact purpose of dreams remains a subject of ongoing research, several prominent theories suggest they play a role in emotional regulation, memory processing, and even problem-solving. Some researchers believe that dreams act as a sort of overnight therapy, allowing us to process complex emotions and experiences in a safe and symbolic environment.

The study of sleep and dreams often utilizes high-density electroencephalography (EEG), a technique that measures brainwave activity through electrodes placed on the scalp. This allows researchers to identify different stages of sleep, including REM and non-REM sleep, and to correlate these stages with physiological changes like heart rate, breathing patterns, and muscle activity. By analyzing these patterns, scientists can gain insights into the neurological underpinnings of sleep disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea, paving the way for more effective treatments.

Furthermore, sleep and dreams are not static phenomena; they evolve throughout the human lifespan. Infants, for example, spend a significantly greater proportion of their sleep in REM sleep compared to adults, suggesting a potential link between REM sleep and brain development. As we age, the overall amount of sleep we need tends to decrease, and the architecture of sleep itself changes, with less time spent in deep, restorative sleep. Understanding these age-related changes in sleep patterns is essential for addressing sleep problems in different age groups and promoting healthy sleep habits throughout life.