Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-169

(18) __________. It explains how, over billions of years, (19) __________. Through mechanisms like natural selection, organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on those advantageous traits to their offspring. This gradual process, occurring over countless generations, leads to the evolution of new species and the extinction of others.

One striking example of evolution is the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. When exposed to antibiotics, (20) __________ are more likely to survive. They then reproduce, passing on the resistance gene, and creating populations of bacteria immune to the antibiotic's effects. This phenomenon highlights the dynamic nature of evolution and its implications for human health.

Fossil evidence provides a tangible record of evolution's progression. By examining the remains of ancient organisms preserved in rock layers, scientists can trace the lineage of species and observe the gradual changes that occurred over millions of years. For instance, the fossil record of whales reveals their ancestry, showing a clear transition from land-dwelling mammals to fully aquatic creatures. (21) __________, provide compelling evidence for evolutionary relationships and common ancestry.

(22) __________. Through the study of genetics, fossils, and the intricate adaptations of organisms, scientists continue to unravel the fascinating story of life's evolution.

Global health pandemics, such as the devastating Black Death in the 14th century and the more recent COVID-19 outbreak, are stark reminders of the interconnectedness of our world. These events, often caused by novel viruses jumping from animals to humans, can spread rapidly across borders, overwhelming healthcare systems and impacting societies on a global scale. The Black Death, for example, is estimated to have killed between 75 and 200 million people, significantly reducing the global population.

The speed and reach of modern pandemics are often exacerbated by globalization and increased international travel. This interconnectedness, while beneficial in many ways, can also facilitate the rapid spread of infectious diseases. For instance, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, originating in Mexico, spread to multiple continents in a matter of weeks, highlighting the speed at which viruses can now travel.

The impact of pandemics extends far beyond immediate health concerns. The closure of businesses and schools, travel restrictions, and widespread panic can lead to economic downturns, social disruption, and political instability. The COVID-19 pandemic, for example, resulted in significant economic losses globally, with many countries experiencing recessions and increased unemployment rates.

Addressing global health pandemics requires a multifaceted approach, including robust surveillance systems, rapid response mechanisms, and international collaboration on vaccine development and distribution. By investing in public health infrastructure and fostering global cooperation, we can strive to mitigate the impact of future outbreaks and create a healthier and safer world for all.

The future of smart cities hinges on the effective integration of technology to iron out existing urban challenges and improve the quality of life for residents. [I] These challenges include issues like traffic congestion, inadequate public services, and environmental concerns. [II] For instance, smart traffic management systems can analyze real-time traffic flow to alleviate congestion and reduce commute times. [III] This not only saves time for commuters but also minimizes fuel consumption and its subsequent environmental impact. [IV]

Such advancements in technology also enable cities to become more responsive to the needs of their citizens. Smart streetlights, equipped with sensors, can adjust brightness based on real-time conditions, improving safety and conserving energy. Furthermore, these sensors can collect data on air quality, noise levels, and other environmental factors, providing valuable insights for urban planning and public health initiatives. This real-time data collection and analysis empowers city officials to make informed decisions and implement targeted interventions to address specific urban issues.

A crucial element in building successful smart cities is the development of user-friendly interfaces and platforms that allow citizens to actively engage with their urban environment. Mobile applications can provide real-time information on public transportation schedules, parking availability, and local events, fostering a sense of community and enhancing civic participation. In addition, citizen feedback platforms can allow residents to report issues, share suggestions, and contribute to the decision-making process, leading to more inclusive and responsive urban governance.

Ultimately, the future of smart cities relies on a holistic approach that considers not only technological advancements but also social, economic, and environmental sustainability. By prioritizing citizen well-being and fostering collaboration between government, industry, and residents, smart cities can truly transform urban living and create more resilient and equitable communities for future generations.