Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-13

CRISPR technology has revolutionized genetic engineering, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in modifying DNA sequences. (18) __________ CRISPR-Cas9 works like a pair of molecular scissors, targeting and cutting specific sections of DNA. (19) __________.

In the realm of medicine, CRISPR holds immense promise for treating genetic diseases. Scientists are exploring its potential to correct genetic mutations that cause diseases like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia. For instance, in 2019, researchers successfully used CRISPR to edit the faulty gene responsible for sickle cell disease in patients, paving the way for potential cures. (20) __________, the potential benefits for treating debilitating diseases are undeniable.

Beyond human health, CRISPR is transforming agriculture by enabling the development of crops that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. Scientists can now precisely introduce beneficial traits into plants, (21) __________. This technology has the potential to enhance food security and promote sustainable agriculture practices.

(22) __________. Its precision, efficiency, and affordability make it a powerful tool with the potential to address some of the world's most pressing challenges. As research and development continue, we can expect even more groundbreaking applications of this transformative technology in the years to come.

Global coffee culture is undeniably ubiquitous. From bustling metropolitan cafes to quiet countryside kitchens, the aroma of freshly brewed coffee permeates countless corners of the world. More than just a beverage, coffee serves as a social lubricant, a source of artistic inspiration, and a cornerstone of daily routines for millions. This global embrace of coffee transcends geographical boundaries and cultural differences, uniting people through a shared love for its rich flavors and stimulating effects.

The sheer scale of coffee consumption highlights its global influence. According to the International Coffee Organization, over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed worldwide every single day. While some regions, such as Europe and North America, have long-established coffee traditions, emerging markets like Asia and Africa are experiencing a surge in demand. This growing global consumption speaks to coffee's ability to transcend cultural barriers and establish itself as a truly international beverage.

Beyond its consumption, coffee has fostered a vibrant and diverse culture. Specialty coffee shops, with their meticulous brewing methods and focus on single-origin beans, have become hubs for coffee enthusiasts seeking unique and high-quality experiences. Baristas, often viewed as artisans in their own right, experiment with latte art, creating intricate designs that elevate coffee from a drink to a form of ephemeral art. This focus on craftsmanship and artistry further enriches the global coffee experience.

Technology also plays a pivotal role in shaping modern coffee culture. From coffee-making apps that allow for personalized brewing experiences to online platforms connecting coffee farmers directly with consumers, technology enhances accessibility and transparency within the industry. This increased connectivity makes the global coffee community more intertwined than ever, fostering knowledge sharing, cultural exchange, and a deeper appreciation for the journey of coffee from bean to cup.

Ozone depletion, the thinning of the ozone layer in the Earth's stratosphere, has brought about significant environmental and health concerns. [I] This protection is crucial for life on Earth, preventing damage to DNA, which can lead to skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems in humans. [II] Furthermore, excessive UV radiation can harm plant life, disrupting ecosystems and impacting agricultural yields. [III] The discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica in the 1980s spurred international action to address this critical issue. [IV]

The primary cause of ozone depletion is the release of man-made chemicals, particularly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), into the atmosphere. These compounds, once widely used in refrigerants, aerosols, and industrial processes, rise into the stratosphere where they are broken down by UV radiation. This process releases chlorine and bromine atoms, which then catalytically destroy ozone molecules. A single chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules, leading to a substantial thinning of the protective ozone layer.

The long-term effects of ozone depletion are far-reaching and pose a significant threat to both human health and the environment. Increased UV radiation can suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases. It can also damage the DNA of plants, reducing their growth and productivity. This impact on agriculture can lead to decreased crop yields and food shortages, particularly in vulnerable regions. In aquatic ecosystems, increased UV radiation can harm phytoplankton, the base of the marine food web, disrupting the entire ecosystem.

The international community's response to ozone depletion, through the Montreal Protocol, is considered one of the most successful environmental agreements in history. This treaty, signed in 1987, phased out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. As a result, the ozone layer is slowly recovering and is projected to return to pre-1980 levels by the middle of the 21st century. This demonstrates the power of international cooperation in addressing global environmental challenges.