Đề Tiếng Anh ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2025- Mã đề thi THPT-113

J.R.R. Tolkien's *The Lord of the Rings*, comprised of *The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Two Towers*, and *The Return of the King*, stands as a cornerstone of the fantasy genre. (18) __________, selling over 150 million copies worldwide and captivating readers with its intricate plot, compelling characters, and immersive world-building. Tolkien's meticulous creation of Middle-earth, (19) __________, established a benchmark for imaginative world-building that continues to inspire authors and filmmakers today.

The narrative revolves around the perilous quest to destroy the One Ring, an artifact of ultimate power coveted by the Dark Lord Sauron. This seemingly straightforward objective unfolds into a sweeping epic, traversing the vast landscapes of Middle-earth and exploring themes of good versus evil, friendship, sacrifice, and the corrupting nature of power. The narrative masterfully interweaves multiple storylines, following the journey of Frodo Baggins, (20) __________, and his companions as they confront constant danger and moral dilemmas.

While lauded for its intricate plot and expansive scope, *The Lord of the Rings* also garnered criticism for its prose, (21) __________. Despite this, the sheer depth of Tolkien's world-building, his creation of multiple languages and rich mythology, and his ability to craft memorable characters have cemented the trilogy's status as a landmark achievement in literature.

The impact of *The Lord of the Rings* extends far beyond the realm of fantasy literature. (22) __________. From tabletop role-playing games to blockbuster film adaptations, Tolkien's epic continues to resonate with audiences of all ages, offering a timeless tale of adventure, camaraderie, and the enduring struggle for good to triumph over evil.

Global wealth inequality is undeniably stark. The richest 1% of the global population currently owns more than half of the world's wealth, while the bottom 50% owns a mere 1%. This means that a tiny fraction of the world's population controls more resources than billions of people combined. This disparity isn't just a statistic; it translates to vastly different life outcomes, impacting access to education, healthcare, housing, and even basic necessities.

This level of economic inequality has far-reaching consequences. It can fuel social unrest, hinder economic growth, and exacerbate existing inequalities based on gender, race, and location. For instance, the World Bank estimates that extreme poverty is three times higher in countries with high levels of inequality compared to more equitable nations. This highlights how a concentration of wealth at the top can hinder opportunities for upward mobility and trap a significant portion of the population in a cycle of poverty.

The causes of this immense wealth gap are complex and multifaceted. Historical factors like colonialism and exploitation have played a significant role in shaping the current global economic order. Additionally, contemporary issues such as globalization, technological advancements, and government policies have contributed to widening the income and wealth divide both within and across nations.

Addressing global wealth disparities requires a multi-pronged approach. Implementing progressive taxation policies that require wealthier individuals and corporations to contribute a larger share of their income can help redistribute resources. Investing in social safety nets, quality education, and accessible healthcare systems is crucial to provide equal opportunities for everyone. Finally, promoting fair trade practices, responsible business conduct, and global cooperation are essential to create a more just and equitable world for all.

[I] Open source software (OSS) has profoundly impacted innovation across various industries. [II] The collaborative nature of OSS development allows developers worldwide to contribute to and improve upon existing codebases, accelerating the pace of software creation and refinement. [III] Projects like Linux, the operating system that powers much of the internet, and Apache, the dominant web server software, exemplify the power of open source collaboration, demonstrating how collective effort can produce high-quality, widely adopted technologies. [IV]

The availability of free and modifiable source code is a key advantage of OSS. This allows businesses to tailor software solutions to their specific needs without licensing fees, significantly reducing development costs. Furthermore, the open nature of OSS promotes transparency and security. Since the code is publicly accessible, vulnerabilities can be identified and patched quickly by a large community of developers, enhancing the software's overall robustness. This rapid response to security concerns is often more efficient than the processes used for proprietary software.

Open source software has become the building-block for numerous groundbreaking innovations. The rise of cloud computing, for instance, relies heavily on open source technologies. Platforms like OpenStack, an open source cloud operating system, provide the infrastructure for many cloud service providers. Similarly, the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning has been fueled by open source libraries like TensorFlow and PyTorch, which offer researchers and developers powerful tools to build and deploy AI models.

The open source movement fosters a culture of sharing and collaboration that transcends traditional corporate boundaries. This collaborative ethos drives innovation by encouraging the rapid dissemination of knowledge and best practices. By removing barriers to access and facilitating collaborative development, OSS empowers individuals and organizations to build upon existing work, fostering a cycle of continuous improvement and ultimately leading to a faster pace of technological advancement.