Đề Tiếng Anh ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2025- Mã đề thi THPT-04

The Swiss Alps, a majestic mountain range (18) __________, offer a captivating blend of natural beauty and cultural richness. (19) __________. This dramatic topography has shaped not only the country's geography but also its culture and economy.

The Alps have long been a hub for tourism, attracting visitors with opportunities for skiing, hiking, and breathtaking scenic views. (20) __________ are charming villages and towns, many of which have retained their traditional architecture and way of life. The iconic Matterhorn, with its distinctive pyramidal peak, stands as a testament to the region's enduring allure.

Beyond their scenic splendor, the Swiss Alps are also renowned for their association with one of the world's most beloved treats: chocolate. Switzerland's chocolate industry, (21) __________, is celebrated for its exceptional quality and craftsmanship. The country's alpine environment, with its cool climate and abundance of fresh milk, provides ideal conditions for producing smooth, rich chocolate.

(22) __________, to the exquisitely packaged chocolates found in boutiques throughout Switzerland, the country's chocolate heritage is deeply intertwined with its mountainous landscape. Whether indulging in a decadent truffle or gazing in awe at the snow-capped peaks, visitors to the Swiss Alps are sure to experience a sensory feast for both the eyes and the palate.

The development of quantum computing has been a gradual process, with roots extending back to the early 20th century. Physicists began exploring the strange and counterintuitive world of quantum mechanics, laying the foundation for this revolutionary technology. A key milestone arrived in the 1980s when the concept of a quantum computer was first proposed. These early theoretical frameworks suggested that machines leveraging quantum phenomena, like superposition and entanglement, could potentially outperform classical computers in specific tasks.

The promise of exponential speedups in areas such as drug discovery, materials science, and cryptography fueled research and development efforts. However, building a functional quantum computer is a monumental engineering challenge. Unlike classical bits, which represent information as 0s or 1s, quantum bits, or qubits, can exist in a superposition, simultaneously representing both states. This unique property allows quantum computers to perform computations on multiple possible values at once, dramatically increasing processing power for certain problem types.

Despite these advancements, significant hurdles remain. One major challenge is maintaining the fragile quantum state of qubits, which are highly susceptible to environmental noise and errors. Researchers are actively exploring various qubit technologies, such as superconducting transmon qubits and trapped ions, each with their own strengths and limitations. Error correction techniques are also being developed to improve the stability and reliability of quantum computations.

While widespread adoption of quantum computing is still some years away, the field is brimming with exciting possibilities. As researchers continue to push the boundaries of this technology, quantum computers hold the potential to revolutionize various industries, leading to groundbreaking scientific discoveries and advancements in fields ranging from medicine to artificial intelligence.

The philosophy of mind grapples with one of the most fundamental questions about human existence: what is consciousness? [I] While we all experience it - the feeling of “what it's like” to be - defining and explaining it proves remarkably elusive. [II] Neuroscience has made significant strides in mapping brain activity correlated with conscious experience, but this doesn't fully explain how subjective experience arises from physical processes. [III] Some philosophers argue for materialism, believing that consciousness is simply a product of brain function. [IV] This debate continues to fuel ongoing research and philosophical inquiry.

Materialist theories often point to the close relationship between brain states and conscious experience. Damage to specific brain regions, for instance, can lead to profound changes in awareness, perception, or even the sense of self. This underscores the crucial role of the brain in shaping our conscious experience. However, critics argue that correlation doesn't equal causation. Just because brain activity accompanies conscious experience doesn't necessarily mean it produces it. The "hard problem" of consciousness, as philosopher David Chalmers calls it, is explaining how physical processes give rise to the subjective, qualitative feel of experience.

One prominent theory attempting to bridge this gap is Integrated Information Theory (IIT). IIT proposes that consciousness is a fundamental property of systems with high levels of integrated information, a measure of how much information a system contains above and beyond its individual parts. This thought-provoking theory suggests that even some complex computer systems might possess a basic form of consciousness, although this remains highly controversial. Other theories explore the role of global workspace theory, which posits that consciousness arises from a "global workspace" in the brain where information from different modules is integrated and broadcast.

Despite these advancements, the nature of consciousness remains a profound mystery. Understanding how subjective experience emerges from the physical world is a complex challenge that continues to captivate philosophers, neuroscientists, and anyone who has ever pondered the nature of their own existence. As research continues and theories evolve, we may one day unravel the enigma of consciousness and gain a deeper understanding of what it means to be human.