Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-03

(18) __________," boasts a history so vast and vibrant that it feels as though the city itself embodies the passage of time. Founded in 753 BC, Rome evolved from a modest settlement into a powerful empire that shaped Western civilization. (19) __________ stand as testaments to its glorious past and attract millions of visitors every year.

Beyond its historical significance, Rome offers a tapestry of artistic, cultural, and culinary experiences. (20) __________ Rome's numerous museums and galleries showcase the pinnacle of Renaissance and Baroque art. The Vatican City, an independent city-state within Rome and the heart of the Catholic Church, houses St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Museums, each a repository of breathtaking religious art and architecture.

Rome's charm, however, extends beyond its grand monuments and renowned artworks. (21) __________ reveals the true essence of Roman life. Locals and tourists alike enjoy traditional Italian cuisine, from creamy pasta dishes to thin-crust pizzas, often savored alongside a glass of local wine. The bustling markets offer fresh produce and local delicacies, while charming boutiques display Italian fashion and craftsmanship.

(22) __________. From the awe-inspiring Colosseum to the tranquil gardens of the Villa Borghese, Rome offers an immersive experience for every visitor, solidifying its status as a destination that transcends time.

Reproductive technologies encompass a range of medical interventions designed to address infertility and facilitate family planning. These technologies, while groundbreaking, raise complex ethical dilemmas that warrant careful consideration. For instance, in vitro fertilization (IVF) involves fertilizing an egg outside the body and then implanting it in the uterus. While IVF has helped countless couples conceive, ethical concerns arise regarding the potential for multiple births, which can pose health risks to both the mother and the babies.

Furthermore, the ability to select embryos based on genetic characteristics through preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) raises concerns about designer babies and the potential for discrimination. This technology allows parents to screen embryos for genetic disorders, but it also opens the door to selecting traits such as eye color or intelligence, blurring the lines between medical necessity and personal preference.

Another area of ethical debate revolves around surrogacy, where a woman carries a pregnancy for another individual or couple. While surrogacy can provide a path to parenthood for those unable to conceive or carry a child, questions arise about the rights of the surrogate mother, the potential for exploitation, and the commodification of reproduction.

Navigating these issues requires thoughtful dialogue and a balance between individual autonomy and societal well-being. Establishing clear legal frameworks, promoting informed consent, and fostering open conversations about the ethical implications of reproductive technologies are essential for ensuring responsible and equitable access to these powerful tools.

Scientific revolutions don't simply happen overnight; they are the culmination of shifts in thought, observation, and experimentation that gradually take hold of established paradigms. [I] The earliest example can be traced back to the shift from a geocentric (Earth-centered) view of the universe to a heliocentric (Sun-centered) one. [II] This transition, spearheaded by figures like Copernicus and Galileo, wasn't merely a change in astronomical models. [III] It represented a fundamental shift in how humanity understood its place in the cosmos, challenging religious dogma and paving the way for a more evidence-based approach to understanding the natural world. [IV]

The scientific method itself, with its emphasis on empirical evidence and repeatable experiments, emerged as a direct consequence of this shift towards a more rational and systematic understanding of the world. Francis Bacon and René Descartes, prominent thinkers of the 17th century, formalized the principles of inductive and deductive reasoning, respectively, providing a framework for scientific inquiry. The development of new instruments, such as the telescope and microscope, further enhanced our ability to observe and analyze the natural world, leading to discoveries that challenged existing theories and fueled further scientific advancements.

The 18th and 19th centuries witnessed a series of interconnected scientific breakthroughs, often described as the first industrial revolution. These advancements, particularly in physics and chemistry, revolutionized manufacturing, transportation, and communication. The invention of the steam engine, for instance, transformed industries and spurred urbanization. Similarly, breakthroughs in understanding electricity and magnetism led to the development of the telegraph and later the telephone, dramatically altering communication across vast distances. These scientific advancements, in turn, had profound social, economic, and political impacts, reshaping societies and global power dynamics.

From the development of germ theory to the discovery of DNA's structure, scientific revolutions continue to reshape our understanding of the world and ourselves. These paradigm shifts not only advance knowledge but also drive technological innovation, leading to medical breakthroughs, new energy sources, and advancements in computing and artificial intelligence. While each revolution brings its own unique set of challenges and ethical considerations, the ongoing pursuit of scientific knowledge remains a crucial driver of human progress.